Fig. 4
Genetic differentiation and the correlation between geographic distance and genetic differentiation for An. gambiae gene loci. Scatter plots: each scatter plot displays the correlation between pairwise Fst values and geographic distances among populations of An. gambiae s.s.. Fst values, measuring genetic differentiation, are plotted against the geographic distance in kilometers between each pair of sampled populations. The line represents a regression fit, indicating trends in genetic isolation by distance. Heat maps: These heat maps depict the pairwise Fst values between different populations of An. gambiae for the corresponding genes. Each cell in the matrix represents the Fst value between a pair of populations, with color intensity varying according to the scale of differentiation ranging from low (light) to high (dark). Populations are ordered and labeled on both axes, facilitating cross-reference between related populations