Fig. 2

Switzerland: Study area and data records. a Records of tick attachment to humans, segregated into spatio-temporal folds based on the biogeographical regions in c. Each month is exclusively utilized in one spatio-temporal fold to ensure spatio-temporal independence. b The geographical position of Switzerland within Central Europe. c Biogeographical regions of Switzerland employed in creating the cross-validation and testing folds. d Artificial absence points derived from lakes or regions where the annual mean temperature is below \(4^{\circ }\hbox {C}\), separated according to the biogeographical regions in c